今天班上三位修課同學全數挺過傳說中古希臘文文法大魔王Conditional Sentences的挑戰,這是學習古希臘文第三道關卡也是最後一道關卡。第一道關卡是在第一個學期(初級古希臘文一)最後一個月學習過去式aorist與imperfect,第二道關卡是在第二個學期(初級古希臘文二)的學期中學習mi-verbs,第三道關卡是在第三個學期(中級古希臘文一)第一個月的月底學習indefinite clauses與conditional sentences。能夠挺過這些關卡實在很不容易,而且這三位同學都只有大三,英雄出少年,請大家掌聲鼓勵鼓勵。
I. Simple conditions
1. Particular conditions
Past εἰ + aor/impf/plupf indicative, aor/impf/plupf indicative.
Present εἰ + present/perfect indicative, present/perfect indicative.
Future Minatory εἰ + future indicative, future indicative.
Future More Vivid ἐὰν + subjunctive, future indicative or imperative.
2. General conditions
Past εἰ + optative, imperfect indicative.
Present ἐὰν + subjunctive, present indicative.
Future More Vivid ἐὰν + subjunctive, future indicative or imperative.
Past εἰ + aor. indicative, ἂν + aor. indicative.
Present εἰ + impf. indicative, ἂν + impf. indicative.
Future Less Vivid εἰ + optative, ἂν + optative.
第一步,首先觀察後件(apodosis),若後件有ἄν則為與事實相反(或未來較不可能)的條件句,若後件無ἄν則為simple conditions。
第二步,在simple conditions情況底下,觀察前件(protasis),若是ἐὰν + subjunctive(primary sequence)或εἰ + optative(secondary sequence),則為general conditions;若是εἰ + indicative,則為particular conditions。在contrary to fact情況底下,只有FLV使用optative,Past與Present使用indicative。
第三步才區分past, present, future。
II. Contrary to fact (and remote conditions)
Past εἰ + aor. indicative, ἂν + aor. indicative.
Present εἰ + impf. indicative, ἂν + impf. indicative.
Future Less Vivid εἰ + optative, ἂν + optative.
第一步,首先觀察後件(apodosis),若後件有ἄν則為與事實相反(或未來較不可能)的條件句,若後件無ἄν則為simple conditions。
第二步,在simple conditions情況底下,觀察前件(protasis),若是ἐὰν + subjunctive(primary sequence)或εἰ + optative(secondary sequence),則為general conditions;若是εἰ + indicative,則為particular conditions。在contrary to fact情況底下,只有FLV使用optative,Past與Present使用indicative。
第三步才區分past, present, future。